NFPA - National Fire Proection Association

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NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code

Scope
NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® shall be known as the Life Safety Code®, is cited as such, and shall be referred to herein as "this Code" or "the Code."

Danger to Life from Fire. The Code addresses those construction, protection, and occupancy features necessary to minimize danger to life from fire, including smoke, fumes, or panic.

Egress Facilities. The Code establishes minimum criteria for the design of egress facilities so as to allow prompt escape of occupants from buildings or, where desirable, into safe areas within buildings.

Other Fire-Related Considerations. The Code addresses other considerations that are essential to life safety in recognition of the fact that life safety is more than a matter of egress. The Code also addresses protective features and systems, building services, operating features, maintenance activities, and other provisions in recognition of the fact that achieving an acceptable degree of life safety depends on additional safeguards to provide adequate egress time or protection for people exposed to fire.

Considerations Not Related to Fire. The Code also addresses other considerations that, while important in fire conditions, provide an ongoing benefit in other conditions of use, including non-fire emergencies.

Areas Not Addressed
The Code does not address the following:

1. General fire prevention or building construction features that are normally a function of fire prevention codes and building codes
2. Prevention of injury incurred by an individual due to that individual's failure to use reasonable care
3. Preservation of property from loss by fire

Purpose
The Purpose of this Code is to provide minimum requirements, with due regard to function, for the design, operation, and maintenance of buildings and structures for safety to life from fire. Its provisions will also aid life safety in similar emergencies.

Referenced Publications
The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this Code and shall be considered part of the requirements of this document.

NFPA Publications

• NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2002 edition.
• NFPA13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, 2003 edition.
• NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2000 edition
• NFPA30B, Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment, 2001 edition.
• NFPA 40, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Film, 2001 edition.
• NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, 2000 edition.
• NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 2001 edition.
• NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, 2002 edition.
• NFPA80, Standard for Fire Doors and FireWindows, 1999 edition.
• NFPA 82, Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment, 1999 edition.
• NFPA 88A, Standard for Parking Structures, 2002 edition.
• NFPA90A, Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 90B, Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems, 2002 edition.
• NFPA91, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids, 1999 edition.
• NFPA 96, Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations, 2001 edition.
• NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities, 2002 edition.
• NFPA101A, Guide on Alternative Approaches to Life Safety, 2001 edition.
• NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 111, Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2001 edition.
• NFPA 160, Standard for Flame Effects Before an Audience, 2001 edition.
• NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances, 2003 edition.
• NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, 1999 edition.
• NFPA 221, Standard for Fire Walls and Fire Barrier Walls, 2000 edition.
• NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage, 2003 edition.
• NFPA 241, Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations, 2000 edition.
• NFPA251, Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building Construction and Materials, 1999 edition.
• NFPA 252, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies, 1999 edition.
• NFPA 253, Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source, 2000 edition.
• NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2000 edition.
• NFPA 256, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings, 1998 edition.
• NFPA 257, Standard on Fire Test for Window and Glass Block Assemblies, 2000 edition.
• NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, 2003 edition.
• NFPA 260, Standard Methods of Tests and Classification System for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture, 1998 edition.
• NFPA261, Standard Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes, 1998 edition.
• NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 267, Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Mattresses and Bedding Assemblies Exposed to Flaming Ignition Source, 1998 edition.
• NFPA 286, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth, 2000 edition.
• NFPA 288, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Floor Fire Door Assemblies Installed Horizontally in Fire Resistance-Rated Floor Systems, 2001 edition.
• NFPA 418, Standard for Heliports, 2001 edition.
• NFPA 430, Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers, 2000 edition.
• NFPA432, Code for the Storage of Organic Peroxide Formulations, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 434, Code for the Storage of Pesticides, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films, 1999 edition.
• NFPA 703, Standard for Fire Retardant Impregnated Wood and Fire Retardant Coatings for Building Materials, 2000 edition.
• NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proximate Audience, 2001 edition.
• NFPA 5000™, Building Construction and Safety Code™, 2003 edition.

ACI Publication. American Concrete Institute, P.O.

• ACI 216.1/TMS 0216.1, Standard Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry Assemblies.

ANSI Publications. American National Standards Institute

• ANSI A14.3, Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders, 1992.
• ICC/ANSI A117.1, American National Standard for Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 1998.
• BHMA/ANSI A156.19, American National Standard for Power Assist and Low Energy Power Operated Doors, 1997.
• ANSI A1264.1, Safety Requirements for Workplace Floor and Wall Openings, Stairs, and Railing Systems, 1995.
• ANSI/UL 1479, Standard for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Firestops, 1995.
• ANSI/UL 2079, Tests of Fire Resistance of Building Joint Systems, 1998.

ASCE Publication. American Society of Civil Engineers

• ASCE/SFPE 29, Standard Calculation Methods for Structural Fire Protection, 1999.

ASME Publications. American Society of Mechanical Engineers

• ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, 2000.
• ASME A17.3, Safety Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators, including Addenda A17.3a-2000, 1996.

ASTM Publications. American Society for Testing and Materials

• ASTM D 2859, Flammability of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials.
• ASTM D 2898, Standard Test Methods for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing, 1994 (1999).
• ASTM E 136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C, 1999.
• ASTM E 814, Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through Penetration Fire Stops, 2002.
• ASTM E 1537, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture, 2001.
• ASTM E 1590, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses, 2001.
• ASTM E 1591, Standard Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models, 2000.
• ASTM F 851, Standard Test Method for Self-Rising Seat Mechanisms, 1987.
• ASTM G 155, Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials, 2000A e1.

UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

• UL 555, Standard for Fire Dampers, 1999.
• UL 555S, Standard for Smoke Dampers, 1996.
• UL 924, Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment, 1995.
• UL 1784, Standard for Air-Leakage Tests of Door Assemblies, 2001.
• UL 1975, Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used for Decorative Purposes, 1996.

U.S. Government Publication. U.S. Government Printing Office

• Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1632.