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Document ACI 302.1R is offered by IHS as part of an online subscription. This subscription contains many documents on the same topic.
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ACI 302.1R Document Information:
Title
Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction
American Concrete Institute
Publication Date:
Mar 23, 2004
Scope:
Purpose and scope
This guide presents state-of-the-art information relative to the
construction of slab-on-ground and suspended-slab floors for
industrial, commercial, and institutional buildings. It is
applicable to the construction of normalweight and structural
lightweight concrete floors and slabs made with conventional
portland and blended cements. Slabs specifically intended for the
containment of liquids are beyond the scope of this document.
The design of slabs-on-ground should conform to the
recommendations of ACI 360R. Refer to ACI 223 for procedures for
the design and construction of shrinkagecompensating concrete
slabs-on-ground. The design of suspended floors should conform to
requirements of ACI 318 and ACI 421.1R. See Section 1.2 for
relevant work by these and other committees.
This guide identifies the various classes of floors as to
• Use;
• Design details as they apply to construction;
• Necessary site preparation; and
• Type of concrete and related materials.
In general, the characteristics of the concrete slab surface and
the performance of joints have a powerful impact on the
serviceability of floors and other slabs. Because the eventual
success of a concrete floor installation depends on the mixture
proportions and floor finishing techniques used, considerable
attention is given to critical aspects of achieving the desired
finishes and the required floor surface tolerances. This guide
emphasizes choosing and proportioning of materials, design details,
proper construction methods, and workmanship.
Prebid meeting—While this guide does provide a
reasonable overview of concrete floor construction, it should be
emphasized that every project is unique; circumstances can dictate
departures from the recommendations contained herein. Accordingly,
contractors and suppliers are urged to make a thorough review of
contract documents before bid preparation.
The best forum for such a review is the prebid meeting. This
meeting offers bidders an opportunity to ask questions and clarify
their understanding of contract documents before submitting their
bids. A prebid meeting also provides the owner and the owner's
designer an opportunity to clarify intent where documents are
unclear and to respond to last-minute questions in a manner that
provides bidders an opportunity to be equally responsive to the
contract documents.
Preconstruction meeting—Construction of any slabon-
ground or suspended floor or slab involves the coordinated efforts
of many subcontractors and material suppliers. It is strongly
recommended that the designer require a preconstruction meeting to
be held to establish and to coordinate procedures that will enable
key participants to produce the best possible product under the
anticipated field conditions. This meeting should be attended by
responsible representatives of organizations and material suppliers
directly involved with either the design or construction of
floors.
The preconstruction meeting should confirm and document the
responsibilities and anticipated interaction of key participants
involved in floor slab construction. Following is a list of agenda
items appropriate for such a meeting; many of the items are those
for which responsibility should be clearly established in the
contract documents. The following list is not necessarily
all-inclusive:
Site preparation;
Grades for drainage, if any;
Work associated with installation of auxiliary materials, such
as vapor barriers, vapor retarders, edge insulation, electrical
conduit, mechanical sleeves, drains, and embedded plates;
Class of floor;
Floor thickness;
Reinforcement, when required;
Construction tolerances: base (rough and fine grading), forms,
slab thickness, surface configuration, and floor flatness and
levelness requirements (including how and when measured);
Joints and load-transfer mechanism;
Materials: cements, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, and
admixtures (usually by reference to applicable ASTM standards);
Special aggregates, admixtures, or monolithic surface
treatments, where applicable;
Concrete specifications, to include the following:
Compressive strength, flexural strength, or both, and
finishability (Section 6.2);
Minimum cementitious material content, if applicable (Table
6.2);
Maximum size, grading, and type of coarse aggregate;
Grading and type of fine aggregate;
Combined aggregate grading;
Air content of concrete, if applicable (Section 6.2.7);
Slump of concrete (Section 6.2.5);
Water-cement ratio (w/c) or water-cementitious material
ratio (w/cm); and
Preplacement soaking requirement for lightweight aggregates.
Measuring, mixing, and placing procedures (usually by reference
to specifications or recommended practices);
Strikeoff method;
Recommended finishing methods and tools, where required;
Coordination of floor finish requirements with those required
for floor coverings such as vinyl, ceramic tile, or wood that are
to be applied directly to the floor;
Curing procedures, length of curing, necessary protection, and
time before opening slabs for traffic (ACI 308R);
Testing and inspection requirements; and
Acceptance criteria and remedial measures to be used, if
required.
Additional issues specific to suspended slab construction are as
follows:
Form tolerances and preplacement quality assurance survey
procedures for cast-in-place construction;
Erection tolerances and preplacement quality assurance survey
procedures for composite slab construction (see ANSI/ASCE 3 and
ANSI/ASCE 9 [Section 12.1]);
Form stripping procedures, if applicable; and
Items listed in Section 3.3 that are appropriate to the
structural system(s) used for the project.
Quality assurance—Adequate provisions should be made to
ensure that the constructed product meets or exceeds the
requirements of the project documents. Toward this end, quality
control procedures should be established and maintained throughout
the entire construction process.
The quality of a completed concrete slab depends on the skill of
individuals who place, finish, and test the material. As an aid to
ensuring a high-quality finished product, the specifier or owner
should consider requiring the use of prequalified concrete
contractors, concrete suppliers, accredited testing laboratories,
and concrete finishers who have had their proficiency and
experience evaluated through an independent third-party
certification program. ACI has developed programs to train and
certify concrete flatwork finishers and concrete inspectors and
testing technicians throughout the United States, Mexico, and
Canada.
Keywords:
- admixture
- aggregate
- concrete
- consolidation
- contract documents
- curing
- curling
- deflection
- durability
- form
- fracture
- joint
- mixture proportioning
- mortar
- paste
- placing
- quality control
- slab-on-ground
- slabs
- slump test
- specification
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